These fractures occur when repetitive stress on the bone exceeds its ability to recover, leading to microscopic damage that can escalate to a complete fracture. Common sites include the tibia, metatarsals, and femur.
How do they arise?
Stress fractures often arise from factors such as increased training intensity, poor biomechanics, inadequate nutrition, and improper footwear.
Patients typically report localised pain that worsens with activity and eases with rest, alongside possible swelling and tenderness (Brigham et al., 2019).
Physiotherapy Management
- Assessment: A thorough biomechanical evaluation helps identify contributing factors, such as muscle imbalances and joint restrictions.
- Education: Patients need guidance on the importance of rest, load management strategies, and appropriate footwear.
- Rehabilitation: A structured program should include:
- Pain Management: techniques like ice therapy and ultrasound;
- Strengthening: gradual strengthening exercises to support the affected area;
- Flexibility: stretching to enhance range of motion;
- Gradual Return to Activity: a monitored approach to returning to sport or activity is essential to prevent re-injury (Meyer et al., 2021).
Physiotherapists play a crucial role in managing lower limb stress fractures through comprehensive assessment, patient education, and targeted rehabilitation. By employing evidence-based strategies, physiotherapists can effectively guide patients back to their activities.
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